| Terms | Definition |
|---|---|
| Accessibility | The practice of making a resource or service that is usable to all users, including those with disabilities. |
| Citizen Science | Science that actively involves the public in research by incorporating public participation and data collection. |
| Collaboration | The act of working together to accomplish a shared goal, often involves groups with different focuses. |
| Community Science | Science that is led by a community or community-driven where members participate in research and data collection. |
| Copyright | The exclusive legal right for a person or organization to print, publish, adapt, record, or translate a material. |
| Creative Commons License (CC) | CC licenses that allow the public use of copyright material such as being shared or modified while restricting other uses. |
| Crowdsourcing | The process of acquiring large amounts of public participation for a project or task. |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | A PID that is a static pointer for digital objects such as online articles or videos. |
| Metadata | Data that describes and identifies data |
| Open Access | Research that is free, accessible, distributable, and modifiable for users. |
| Open Code | Code that is free, accessible, distributable, and modifiable for users. |
| Open Data | Data that is free, accessible, distributable, and modifiable for users. |
| Open innovation | "Combining internal and external ideas as well as internal and external paths to market to advance the development of new technologies." (Open innovation, n.d.) |
| Open knowledge | "‘Open knowledge’ is any content, information or data that people are free to use, re-use and redistribute — without any legal, tech or social restriction." (Open knowledge, n.d.) |
| Open results | Research products and publications that are free, accessible, and distributable for users. |
| Open software | Software and its source code that are free, accessible, distributable, and modifiable for users. |
| Peer review | Evaluation of scientific work by members of the scientific community. |
| Persistent Identifier (PID) | A long-lasting reference to an object, commonly a digital object. |
| Pre-prints | A manuscript that is published as a journal article before or alongside the peer review process. |
| Reproducibility | Research results that can be reproduced through the same methods, data, and tools. |
| Stakeholder | Individuals, groups, or organizations that either participate in or are impacted by open science. |
| Sustainability | The practice of ensuring a resource or service is long-lasting and available to future users. |
| Transparency | The practice of making one's methods and results are open to public viewing and evaluation. |
The image below demonstrates how expansive open science can be as a movement, with each branch having its own areas of focus. It may seem initially overwhelming, but it is important to remember that these branches mutually support each other by making their research transparent, accessible, and reproducible. Since information and data are not prohibited from being shared, the collaboration involved in open science can lead to a snowball effect where innovation is frequently encouraged.
Image credit: "Inclusion of terms in the Open Science taxonomy" by Silveira, L. da ., Ribeiro, N. C., Melero, R., Mora-Campos, A., Piraquive-Piraquive, D. F., Uribe-Tirado, A., Sena, P. M. B., Polanco-Cortés, J., Fachin, J., Santillán-Aldana, J., Silva, F. C. C. da ., Araújo, R. F., & Enciso-Betancourt, A. M. licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
