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Grey Literature

A guide for navigating additional unpublished works in comprehensive evidence syntheses (systematic reviews, scoping reviews, and integrative reviews).

Using Search Engines to Find Grey Lit

Google offers an Advanced Search option where certain limiters can be used to locate grey literature.

  • Language of material
  • Region of publication
  • Date last updated
  • Website/Domain
    • You can target results only from a specific website, such as Wikipedia
    • You can also target results from a given domain (.edu, .gov, and others)
  • Where search terms appear (title, text, URL, etc.)
  • File type (.pdf, .docx, .doc, etc.)

With these specifiers, authors can narrow down a Google search from millions of results down to more reasonable and accurate numbers.