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Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Populations

The scope of this guide is meant to inform all who interact with it on related issues to transgender and gender non-conforming populations.

References

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Ashcroft, A. (2021, February 18). Michael Dillon: The 2 laws which could have saved him. LGBT Lawyers. https://lgbtlawyers.co.uk/2021/02/18/michael-dillon-the-2-laws-which-could-have-saved-him/.

Baral, S. D., Poteat, T., Stömdahl, S., Wirtz, A. L., Guadamuz, T. E., & Beyrer, C. (2012). Worldwide burden of HIV in transgender women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(3), 214-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70315-8.

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Choi, A. (2023, April 6). Record number of anti-LGBTQ bills have been introduced this year. CNNhttps://www.cnn.com/2023/04/06/politics/anti-lgbtq-plus-state-bill-rights-dg/index.html.

Corbman, R. (2019. June 26). Sylvia Rivera and Marsha P. Johnson: Listen to the newly unearthed interview with Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries. New-York Historical Society Museum & Library. https://www.nyhistory.org/blogs/gay-power-is-trans-history-street-transvestite-action-revolutionaries.

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Delemarre-van de Waal, H.A., & Cohen-Kettenis, P.T. (2006). Clinical management of gender identity disorder in adolescents: A protocol on psychological and paediatric endocrinology aspects, European Journal of Endocrinology155(1), S131-S137. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02231.

Deutsch, M. (2016, June 17). Creating a safe and welcoming clinic environment. UCSF Gender Affirming Health Program. https://transcare.ucsf.edu/guidelines/clinic-environment.

Deutsch, M. (2020, July). Information on estrogen hormone therapy. UCSF Gender Affirming Health Program. https://transcare.ucsf.edu/article/information-estrogen-hormone-therapy.

Deutsch, M. (2020, July). Information on testosterone hormone therapy. UCSF Gender Affirming Health Program. https://transcare.ucsf.edu/article/information-testosterone-hormone-therapy.

Donegan, S. (n.d.). Pioneers of gender reassignment surgery. LGBT Health & Wellbeing. https://www.lgbthealth.org.uk/blog/pioneers-gender-reassignment-surgery/.

Dr. Alfred C. Kinsey. (n.d.). Kinsey Institute, Indiana University. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://kinseyinstitute.org/about/history/alfred-kinsey.php.

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Feinberg, L. (2017, November 2). Transgender liberation: A movement whose time has come. Workers World. https://www.workers.org/book/transgender-liberation-a-movement-whose-time-has-come/.

Feminizing hormone therapy. (2020). Trans Primary Care. https://www.rainbowhealthontario.ca/TransHealthGuide/gp-femht.html.

File, T., & Marlay M. (2022, June 16). Regardless of household type, LGBT adults struggled more with mental health than non-LGBT adults. U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2022/06/lgbt-adults-report-anxiety-depression-during-pandemic.html.

Fort, P. (2017, November 7). Election of transgender lawmaker in Virginia makes history. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2017/11/07/562679573/election-of-transgender-lawmaker-in-virginia-makes-history.

From GI Joe to GI Jane: Christine Jorgensen's story. (2020, June 30). The National WWII Museum. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/christine-jorgensen.

Gender-affirming care. (2019). UCSF Gender Affirming Health Program. https://transcare.ucsf.edu/gender-affirming-surgery.

Gender dysphoria. (2013). American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Psychiatrists/Practice/DSM/APA_DSM-5-Gender-Dysphoria.pdf.

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Harvard Divinity School. (2018). The third gender and hijras. Religious Literacy Projecthttps://hwpi.harvard.edu/files/rpl/files/gender_hinduism.pdf?m=1597338930.

Human Rights Campaign. (2018). Gender-expansive youth report. Human Rights Campaign. https://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/GEreport1.pdf.

Human Rights Campaign. (2023, June 1). Map: Attacks on gender affirming care by state. Human Rights Campaign. https://www.hrc.org/resources/attacks-on-gender-affirming-care-by-state-map .

Human Rights Campaign. (n.d.). Transgender people and HIV: What we know. Human Rights Campaign. https://www.hrc.org/resources/transgender-people-and-hiv-what-we-know.

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Jha, S., & Bouman W. P. (2023). Introduction to healthcare for transgender and gender-diverse people. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 87, 102299.

Joan, M. M., Beardsworth, D. E., Loughlin, J. S., Crawford, J. D., Bode, H. H., Rivier, J., Vale, W., Kushner, D. C., Crigler, J. F., & Crowley, W. F. (1983). Long-term treatement of central precocious puberty with a long-acting analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone: Effects on somatic growth and skeletal maturation. New England Journal of Medicine, 309(21), 1286-1290. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198311243092104.

Karl Ulrichs - nominee. (n.d.). The Legacy Project. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://legacyprojectchicago.org/person/karl-ulrichs.

Keuroghlian, A.S., Reisner, S.L., White, J.M., & Weiss, R.D. (2015). Substance use and treatment of substance use disorders in a community sample of transgender adults. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 152, 139-146. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.04.008.

Kim Coco Iwamoto. (n.d.). LGBTQ+ Victory Institute. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://www.prideandprogress.org/hall-of-fame/kim-coco-iwamoto.

Lacey, H. (2022, April 30). Jules Gill-Peterson discusses the unfinished trans story of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. The Johns Hopkins News-Letter. https://www.jhunewsletter.com/article/2022/04/jules-gill-peterson-discusses-the-unfinished-trans-story-of-the-johns-hopkins-hospital.

Lili Elbe - Nominee. (n.d.). The Legacy Project. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://legacyprojectchicago.org/person/lili-elbe.

Magrath, W. L. (2022). The fall of the nation's first gender-affirming surgery clinic. Annals of Internal Medicine, 175(10), 1462-1468. https://doi.org/10.7326/M22-1480.

Mapping attacks on LGBTQ rights in U.S. state legislatures. (2023, June 9). American Civil Liberties Union. https://www.aclu.org/legislative-attacks-on-lgbtq-rights.

Martin, C. (2013, February 2). Joanne Conte's life story a complex tale of gender, politics. The Denver Post. https://www.denverpost.com/2013/02/02/joanne-contes-life-story-a-complex-tale-of-gender-politics/.

Masculinizing hormone therapy. (2020). Trans Primary Care. https://www.rainbowhealthontario.ca/TransHealthGuide/gp-mascht.html.

Meyerowitz, J. (2001). Sex research at the borders of gender: Transvestites, transsexuals, and Alfred C. Kinsey. Bulleting of the History of Medicine, 75(1), 72-90. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44445556.

Moran, M. (2015, May 28). New APA logo unifies image of psychiatry. APA Psychiatric News. https://psychnews.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.pn.2015.6a14.

Movement Advancement Project & GLSEN. (2017). Separation and stigma: Transgender youth & school facilities. Movement Advancement Project. https://www.lgbtmap.org/file/transgender-youth-school.pdf.

Naquin, C. (2017, February 15). The Empire Strike Back: Trans icon Sandy Stone receives this year's OUTsider Legacy Award. The Austin Chronicle. https://www.austinchronicle.com/daily/arts/2017-02-15/the-empire-strikes-back/.

National Alliance to End Homelessness. (2019). Trans and gender non-conforming homelessness. https://endhomelessness.org/trans-and-gender-non-conforming-homelessness/.

National Center for Transgender Equality. (2011). Injustice at every turn: A report of the national transgender discrimination survey. https://transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/resources/NTDS_Report.pdf.

National Center for Transgender Equality. (2016). The report of the 2015 U.S. transgender survey. https://transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/usts/USTS-Full-Report-Dec17.pdf.

National Women's Law Center. (2014, May 21). Health care refusals harm patients: The threat to LGBT people and individuals living with HIV/AIDS. National Women's Law Center. https://nwlc.org/resource/health-care-refusals-harm-patients-threat-lgbt-people-and-individuals-living-hivaids/.

Naz Khan, F. (2022). A history of transgender and gender diverse health care: From medical mistreatment to gender-affirmative health care. In A. S. Keuroghlian, J. Potter, & S. L. Reisner (Eds.), Transgender and gender diverse health care: The Fenway guide. McGraw Hill. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3104&sectionid=259324704.

Nestle, J. (2002). GenderQueer: Voices from beyond the sexual binary (C. Howell, Ed., & R. A. Wilchins, Ed.). Alyson Books.

Nevada Department of Health and Human Services. (2018). Therapeutic class overview: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists/luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists. https://www.medicaid.nv.gov/Downloads/provider/GnRH_LHRH_Agonists_2018_0312.pdf.

Olson, J., Schrager, S. M., Belzer, M., Simons, L. K., & Clark, L. F. (2015). Baseline physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of transgender youth seeking care for gender dysphoria. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(4), 374-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.04.027.

Parshall, A. (2023, May 1). What are puberty blockers and how do they work? Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-are-puberty-blockers-and-how-do-they-work/.

Pasulka, N. (2015, May 5). Ladies in the streets: Before Stonewall, transgender uprising changed lives. NPR. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/05/05/404459634/ladies-in-the-streets-before-stonewall-transgender-uprising-changed-lives.

Puberty blockers for transgender and gender-diverse youth. (2023, June 14). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gender-dysphoria/in-depth/pubertal-blockers/art-20459075.

Ruzicka, L., & Wettstein A. (1935). Sexualhormone VII. Über die künsterliche herstellung des testikelhormons Testosteron (Androsten-3-on-17-ol). Helvetica Chimica Acta, 18(1), 1264-1275. https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.193501801176.

Schaefer, L. C., & Wheeler, C. C. (1995). Harry Benjamin's first ten cases (1938-1953): A clinical historical note. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 24(1), 73-93. https://www.proquest.com/docview/205925895/abstract/240D26042E6F4AAEPQ/1?accountid=10610.

Schillace, B. (2021, May 10). The forgotten history of the world's first trans clinic. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-forgotten-history-of-the-worlds-first-trans-clinic/.

Segal, C. (2017, June 15). Oregon becomes first state to add gender-neutral option to driver's licenses. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/oregon-nonbinary-gender-neutral-option-licenses.

Shumer, D. E., Nokoff, N. J., & Spack, N. P. (2016). Advances in the care of transgender children and adolescents. Advances in Pediatrics, 63(1), 79-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yapd.2016.04.018.

Slotta, K. H., Ruschig, H., & Fels, E. (1934). Reindarstellung der hormone aud dem Corpus luteum (II. Mitteil.). Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series), 67(9), 1624-1626. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.19340670933.

Stables, D. (2021). Asia's isle of five separate genders. BBC Travel. https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20210411-asias-isle-of-five-separate-genders.

Steinmetz, K. (2014, May 30). Board rules that medicare can cover gender reassignment surgery. Time. https://time.com/2800307/medicare-gender-reassignment/.

Stip, E. (2015). RaeRae and Mahu: Third Polynesian gender. Mental Health in Quebec40(3), pp. 193-208. https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/smq/2015-v40-n3-smq02336/1034918ar/.

Theophano, T. (2015). Gender Public Advocacy Coalition (GenderPAC). GLBTQArchive. http://www.glbtqarchive.com/ssh/gender_public_advocacy_S.pdf.

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Thoreson, R. (2020, March 7). Midwest has shown it's ready for transgender rights. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/07/midwest-has-shown-its-ready-transgender-rights.

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Trotta, D. (2019, June 12). Forsaken transgender pioneers recognized 50 years after Stonewall. Reuters Graphics. https://www.reuters.com/graphics/USA-LGBT-STONEWALL/010092NF3GR/index.html.

De Pedro, K.T., Gilreath, T.D., Jackson, C., Esqueda, M.C. (2016). Substance use among transgender students in California public middle and high schools. Journal of School Health, 87(5), 303-309, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/josh.12499.

United States Census Bureau. (2022). Mental health struggles higher among LGBT adults than non-LGBT adults in all age groups. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2022/12/lgbt-adults-report-anxiety-depression-at-all-ages.html.

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