Beck, A.J., Berzofsky, M., Caspar, R., & Krebs, C. (2013). Sexual victimization in prisons and jails reported by inmates, 2011-12. Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/svpjri1112.pdf.
Bronson, J., & Berzofsky, M. (2017). Indicators of mental health problems reported by prisoners and jail inmates, 2011-12. Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/imhprpji1112.pdf.
Carson, E.A., & Kluckow, R. (2023). Correctional population in the United States, 2021 – statistical tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh236/files/media/document/cpus21stB.pdf.
Couloute, L., & Kopf, D. (2018). Out of prison & out of work: Unemployment among formerly incarcerated people. Prison Policy Initiative. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/outofwork.html.
Dyszlewski, N., Harrison-Cox, L., & Ortiz, R.M. (2015). Mass incarceration: An annotated bibliography. Roger Williams University Law Review, 165, https://ssrn.com/abstract=2670236.
Jones, A. (2021). Visualizing the unequal treatment of LGBTQ people in the criminal justice system. Prison Policy Initiative. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2021/03/02/lgbtq/.
Jones, J.M. (2020). Black, White adults' confidence diverges most on police. Gallup. https://news.gallup.com/poll/317114/black-white-adults-confidence-diverges-police.aspx.
Kolodziejczak, O., & Sinclair, S.J. (2018). Barriers and facilitators to effective mental health care in correctional settings. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 24(3), 253-263. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1078345818781566.
Lydon, J., Carrington, K., Low, H., Miller, R., & Yazdy, M. (2015). Coming out of concrete closets: A report on Black & Pink's national LGBTQ prisoner survey. https://www.issuelab.org/resources/23129/23129.pdf.
Mapping Police Violence. (2023). Mapping police violence. https://mappingpoliceviolence.us/.
McCann, S. (2022). Health care behind bars: Missed appointments, no standards, and high costs. Vera. https://www.vera.org/news/health-care-behind-bars-missed-appointments-no-standards-and-high-costs.
Nellis, A. (2021). The color of justice: Racial and ethnic disparity in state prisons. The Sentencing Project. https://www.sentencingproject.org/app/uploads/2022/08/The-Color-of-Justice-Racial-and-Ethnic-Disparity-in-State-Prisons.pdf
Penal Reform International. (n.d.) Prison overcrowding. https://www.penalreform.org/issues/prison-conditions/key-facts/overcrowding/.
Prins, S.J. (2014). The prevalence of mental illnesses in U.S. state prisons: A systematic review. Psychiatric Services, 65(7), 862-872. https://doi.org/10.1176%2Fappi.ps.201300166.
Solomon, A. (2021). What words we use - and avoid - when covering people and incarceration. The Marshall Project. https://www.themarshallproject.org/2021/04/12/what-words-we-use-and-avoid-when-covering-people-and-incarceration.
Steadman, H.J., Osher, F.C., Robbins, P.C., Case, B., & Samuels, S. (2009). Prevalence of serious mental illness among jail inmates. Psychiatric Services, 60(6), 761-765. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.2009.60.6.761.
Strutin, K. (2018). Caged humanity: Conditions of confinement and death in custody. Law and Technology Resources for Legal Professionals. https://www.llrx.com/2018/01/caged-humanity-conditions-of-confinement-and-death-in-custody/.
Truman, J.L., & Morgan, R.E. (2022). Violent victimization by sexual orientation and gender identity, 2017-2020. Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/vvsogi1720.pdf.
Tsolkas, P. (2019). “It smelled like death”: Reports of mold contamination in prisons and jails. Prison Legal News, 15. https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2019/apr/2/it-smelled-death-reports-mold-contamination-prisons-and-jails/.
Uggen, C., Larson, R., Shannon, S., & Stewart, R. (2022). Locked out 2022: Estimates of people denied voting rights. The Sentencing Project. https://www.sentencingproject.org/reports/locked-out-2022-estimates-of-people-denied-voting-rights/.
Umbreit, M.S. (1998). Restorative justice through victim-offender mediation: A multi-site assessment. Western Criminology Review, 1(1). http://www.westerncriminology.org/documents/WCR/v01n1/Umbreit/Umbreit.html.
United States Census Bureau. (2022). Quick facts. United States. United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045222.
Vasilogambros, M. (2021). Many in jail can vote, but exercising that right isn't easy. Pew Charitable Trusts, https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2021/07/16/many-in-jail-can-vote-but-exercising-that-right-isnt-easy.
Vera Institute of Justice. (2022, April 27). Report - The criminalization of poverty In Tennessee - details how criminal justice policies and policing make being poor a crime and shares a different vision for community safety. Vera Institute of Justice. https://www.vera.org/newsroom/report-the-criminalization-of-poverty-in-tennessee-details-how-criminal-justice-policies-and-policing-make-being-poor-a-crime-and-shares-a-different-vision-for-community-safety.
Wang, L., Sawyer, W., Herring, T., & Widra, E. (2022). Beyond the count: A deep dive into state prison populations. Prison Policy Initiative. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/beyondthecount.html#demographics.
